Blaen Y Cwm
Blaen y Cwm Quarry (slate quarry) was served by the Rhiwbach Tramway which connected it with the Festiniog Railway to the west at Duffws. It is centred on location SH735463 but was fairly sprawling. Prior to the building of the tramway, slate was transported out via Cwm Penmachno to the quay at Trefriw, and later via Cwm Teigl to the Dwyryd. The quarry was first worked some time between 1813 and 1818 and sporadically after that until finally in 1914 it closed.[1]
History[edit]
Blaen y Cwm and the nearby Cwt-y-Bugail Quarry both sit on land that was owned until the 1860s by the Wynne family of Peniarth. The first indication of quarrying activity on the Blaen y Cwm site is a map from 1818 that shows a modest quarry here. These early workings continued for some years on a small scale.
In 1838 the quarry was leased for 21 years to Adam Gregory who also held the lease for Cwt y Bugail as well as a number of other Welsh mines and quarries. Gregory's operations were not a financial success and in 1949 he surrendered the lease to Blaen y Cwm.
In 1853, brothers Thomas and James Swinton Spooner of the Festiniog Railway leased Blaen y Cwm and worked it for two years. The Spooner family planned to extend the Festiniog Railway to the nearby Rhiwfachno Quarry, with branches to serve the local cluster of quarries at Blaen y Cwm, Cwt y Bugail and Rhiwbach Quarry. Despite a bill being put before Parliament in 1854 this scheme was dropped and the lease for the quarry again was given up.
In 1861 a new lease for Blaen y Cwm was granted to Hugh Beaver Roberts of Bangor. This lease passed through several hands in a series of dubious transactions before settling with William Henry Gatty of Market Harborough. He began to work the quarry under the title the Blaenycwm Slate Company.
Production on a relatively small scale continued through the 1870s, but the quarry, now known as Pen-y-ffridd, was abandoned by 1888. In 1889 the quarry was purchased by E.P. Jones the manager of Diffwys Quarry, who worked it that year and in 1890, but again slate extraction ceased from 1891 to 1897.
Another attempt to work Blaen y Cwm started in 1898 under the ownership of the new Blaenycwm Slate Quarry Co. Ltd. This lasted until 1903, but was voluntarily wound up.
The final attempt to make a success of the quarry began in 1904 with a new company. This worked on a limited scale until 1906, followed by a hiatus until revived in 1910. The quarry finally closed on May 8, 1914. Apart from some surface extraction of "rustic slates" by a local man in the 1960s, Blaen y Cwm did not operate again.
Transport[edit]
Until about 1820 the output of Blaen y Cwm was shipped by packhorse via Cwm Machno. From that date onwards, slate was shipped out, still on packhorse, over the mountain to Festiniog and on to Porthmadog.
From 1869 the quarry used the Rhiwbach Tramway to connect with the Festiniog at Blaenau Ffestiniog. Until 1872 the slate was carried by hand or wheelbarrow uphill to the tramway. An incline was constructed in 1872 that allowed a less manually intensive direct connection between the internal quarry tramways and the Rhiwbach Tramway above. The incline was unusual in that the haulage engine was located at the bottom.
The internal quarry tramways were laid in very light rail suitable for hand working of single wagons. They were laid to a nominal gauge of 1ft 11½ ins throughout, matching the gauge of the FR and Rhiwbach Tramway. There is no evidence that locomotives were ever used within the quarry.
References[edit]
Further information from Dave Sallery's site and M J T Lewis's Blaen y Cwm and Cwt y Bugail Slate Quarries (Adit Publications, 2003). Much of the above taken from the Wikipedia entry
- ^ Lewis, M.J.T. (2003). Blaen y Cwm and Cwt y Bugail Slate Quarries. Adit Publications. ISBN 0952297930.